Human Population Importance & Types of Population
Human Population Importance Types of Population
- It is defined as a group of interacting and interbreeding organisms of the same species living in a particular area in unit time.
- e.g. The amount of fishes present in a fishpond forms fish population or the number of man-eaters living in a forest kinds of tiger people of that forest.
- Thus, the population is the smallest unit of the community.
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Human Population
- It is several human beings living in the unit area, in unit time. e.g. Population of a village or district or state or nation or the world.
- The subject of the human population is Know that demography.
Importance of Population (Demography)
- It helps to study the increase or decrease the size of a population.
- It helps in the planning of the national economy.
- It helps to find out the need and problems of the population.
- It helps to fulfill the present and future needs and problems of a population.
Types of the population
Any population manifests certain group properties no shown by individual parts of the groups
- Natality
- Mortality
- Sex ratio
- Age distribution and
- Density
Natality of Population
- Natality about birth motion is the number of individuals born per unit time, per 1200 individuals of each population. Greater this natality larger order be the size of each population.
- The maximum possible rate of reproduction of a population is called potential.
- The observed rate of reproduction of the population is called realized or ecological natality.
Natality is calculated by the following formula,
Total no. newborns in a year a particular area (n)
Natality=-----------------------------------------------------------------------------X 1000
Equate the population about the year of the particular area (N)
If 100 babies are born in a population of 5000 n a year, then the natality, i.e. birth rate will be as follows
100
Natality =---------X 100
5000
=20 per thousand.
Mortality of Population
- Mortality and death rate is this number of individuals that fall per unit time, per 1000 personage of the population.
- The size of the population decreases if its mortality is high. The death of the individual due to ageing is called potential mortality.
- Death due to factors like diseases, accidents, etc, is called realized mortality. Realized mortality is higher than potential mortality.
Mortality is calculated by the following formula,
No. Of deaths in a year in a particular area (n)
Mortality=----------------------------------------------------------------x 1000
The average population of that year in that area (N)
If the total death in a population of 5000 is 50 in a year, then the mortality of that population will be follows
50
Mortality = ----------x 1000
5000
= 10 per thousand
Sex-ratio of Population
- The sex ratio is the number of females per 1000 males of a population. Actually, the ratio should be more or less the same, but variations occur due to various reasons.
The sex ratio is calculated by the following formula,
Number of females
Sex ratios =-------------------------
1000 male
- The sex ratio data of India shows that the number of females compared to males is gradually decreasing. The sex ratio for the last 40 years is given below
Sex ratio in India.
| Year | Females per 1000 males |
|---|---|
| 1961 | 941 |
| 1971 | 930 |
| 1981 | 934 |
| 1991 | 937 |
| 2001 | 933 |
- Kerala is the only state where the proportion of females is higher than males. Preference for a male child, poverty, and the low status of women in society are the prime reasons behind this unequal ratio.
- A high mortality rate among women of their reproductive age is also responsible for a decrease in the number of females.
- If in a population, females are more, then it is called feminine population, whereas, if males are more, it is called masculine.
The age structure of Population
- It is the age-wise distribution of the individuals of a population into groups. Generally, the members of a population can be divided into the following three age groups,
- Pre-productive group: 1-14 years (children).
- Reproductive group: 15-60 years (adults).
- Post-productive group: 60 years and above (old people).
In India, according to the census, the age structure is described as,
- If the population mainly consists of a pre-productive group, it is said to be an expanding population.
- If it is mainly made up of the post-productive group, then it is called a declining population.
- A population predominantly consisting of a reproductive group is a growing population.
| Year / Age | 1-14 years | 15-60 years | 6-yrs and above |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1971 | 42% | 54.5% | 3.5% |
| 1981 | 39.72% | 54.07% | 6.21% |
| 1991 | 36% | 57.59% | 6.41% |
| 2001 | 30.8% | 64.3% | 4.9% |
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Density of Population
- Density is the total number of individuals living per unit area at a specific time. Density is the calculated formula the following formula:
- D = n/a
- Where, D = density; n = a number of individuals; a = area in square kilometers.
- Density is calculated by knowing the number of people staying in a particular area and taking into consideration the area of that place.
