• Some liquid comes out in the structure of a jet from the outlet of a nozzle, which is fitted to a pipe into which the liquid is flowing under pressure.
• If any plate, which may be fixed practically moving, is placed in each path of the jet, a force is exerted through the jet on the plate.
• That force is obtained from Newton’s second law of motion otherwise of the impulse-momentum equation.
• Since the impact of the jet indicates the force exerted by the jet on a plate that may be stationary or moving.

Fig,  Force exerted by the jet toward a vertical plate

• Suppose a jet of water coming out of the nozzle, strikes a flat vertical plate as noted

• Each jet after striking the plate will run along with the plate.
• Though the plate is at right angles to the jet.
• Onward the jet after striking will get deflected through 90°.
• Hence the component of the jet’s velocity, in the jet’s region, after striking order be zero.
• The force exerted by the jet toward the plate in the way of the jet.

Fx = Rate of change of momentum in the direction of a force

= (Initial momentum – Final momentum)/Time

= (Mass x Initial velocity – Mass x Final velocity)/Time

= (Mass/Time) x (Initial velocity – Final velocity)

= (Density x Volume / Time in sec.) x (Velocity of the jet before striking – Velocity of jet after striking)

= p(v/t) x (u – 0)

= p Q x (V)

= p x a x v x v

• For deriving the above equation, we have taken initial velocity minus final velocity or not final velocity minus initial velocity.
• If this force exerted on the jet is to be determined then the final minus initial velocity is exercised.
• Although if the force exerted by the jet on the plate is to be determined before initial velocity minus final velocity is exercised.

Following Numerical on a word…