Method of Water Harvesting

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In this method, harvested water is directed to the crop. This method is suitable for the area where rainfall is scanty (< 500 mm) and even there is the difficulty of maturing a single crop. In this technique, a portion of the area is cultivated & the remaining area is used for harvesting water. Usually, the uncultivated area is compacted or treated in such a way that runoff would be induced. Surface modification may be required to get runoff. Such a method is suitable for arid regions. Runoff may be induced by using cover films (plastic or rubber) preparing hydrophobic layer (wax) compacting surface or spreading sodic soil on the surface.

There may not be enough rain to support a crop in some areas & therefore by conserving more water in furrows and planting the crop in furrows may give some yields.

A portion of the excess runoff water next allowing maximum in situ moisture conservation are collect on farm ponds. As far as possible the pond should be located in the lower patches of the field to facilitate better storage and fewer seepage losses. The size of the farm pond should be worked out considering annual rainfall of probable runoff and the catchments area. Generally, 10 to 20 per cent of the seasonal rainfall is considered as runoff in medium and deep black soils. A farm pond of 150 m3 capacity with side slopes of 1.5: 1 is sufficient for each hectare of catchments area in black soils. The farm ponds may be circular squared or rectangular. However, eared or rectangular ponds are more convenient for the harvesting of runoff water.

Typically, installing a water harvesting system in the building would costs sites Rs 2,500 to 38,000 for the building of about 320 sq.m. Cost estimate mentioned above is for an existing building.
Some basic rates of construction activities in materials have seen given here, which have helped to calculate the total cost of structures.

Item	Unit	Rate (Rs.)
1) Excavation in soils	cu. m.	90.00
2) Excavation in rock	cu. m.	150.00
3) Brickwork with cement mortar (1:6)	cu. m.	1400.00
4) Plain cement concrete (1:3:6)	cu. m.	1500.00
5) Reinforced cement concrete (1:2:4) including steel bars, shuttering etc.	cu. m.	4700.00
6) PVC piping for rainwater pipes – 110 mm in diameter – 200 mm in diameter	Metre Metre	165.00 275.00
7) Making borehole in metre 165.00Soft soil (with 150 mm diameter PVC casing)	Metre	180.00

	The capacity of the rooftop water harvesting system in litres
	5,000	6,000	7,000	9,000	10,000
Total cost in rupees	12,430	12,975	13,970	14,380	15,800

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